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Volcanic Eruptions Could Damage Ozone Layer
Ozone-depleting gases from an eruption in a volcanically active region of Central America could thin Earth’s ozone layer for several years, scientists say. Current levels of the chemicals bromine and chlorine in the stratosphere – where ozone protects life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation – could double or even triple with an eruption, German…
Fuel From Waste, Poised at a Milestone
For years, scientists and engineers have been juggling various combinations of acids, steam, bacteria, catalysts and the digestive juices of microorganisms to convert agricultural waste and even household garbage into motor fuel. So far, such alternative fuels have not moved beyond small pilot plants, despite federal incentives to encourage companies to develop them. But that…
Could Space Mirrors Stop Global Warming?
In the early 2000s, Lowell Wood of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory proposed cooling the earth by launching reflective mirrors into space, though he cautioned that the mirror should be considered only as a measure of last resort. Why? Because the mirror would have to have an area of 600,000 square miles – a slightly smaller…
If Cutting Carbon Emissions Isn’t Working, What’s Next?
What if it is too late to save the climate by cutting greenhouse gas emissions? What if the amount of carbon dioxide already added to the atmosphere by human activity is so great that it is going to produce big temperature changes no matter what, with big shifts in rainfall and in ocean chemistry? Options…
Spaceflight Extends Worms Lifetime
Spacefaring worms undergo genetic changes associated with longer lives in their Earth-bound cousins, research has shown. A number of Caenorhabditis elegans worms were carried aboard a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) and brought back for study. Researchers found reduced activity of five genes in the worms that, when suppressed in the species on…
NASA Issues Call for New Space Taxis
NASA is looking for at least two U.S. firms to design and build space taxis to ferry astronauts to and from the International Space Station, program managers said. NASA plans to invest $300 million to $500 million in each of the firms selected under new 21-month partnership agreements. The new program aims to build upon…